Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

Highlights:

IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
A collage of images featuring scenes from the Russia - Ukraine War.

Just Security’s Russia–Ukraine War Archive

A catalog of over 100 articles (many with Ukrainian translations) on the Russia Ukraine War -- law, diplomacy, policy options, and more.
(L-R) Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine Iryna Mudra, the European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and Rule of Law Michael McGrath, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe Alain Berset standing at white podiums in front of a blue backdrop.

International Law at the Precipice: Holding Leaders Accountable for the Crime of Aggression in Russia’s War Against Ukraine

The Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine cannot be treated as a bargaining chip in negotiations to end hostilities.
Anti-riot police officers stand guard in a line (Rear) as protesting university students gather. A large Turkish flag sways.

In Turkey, Peace as Pretext: Erdoğan’s Kurdish Initiative and the Authoritarian Logic Behind Arresting His Main Opponent

The arrest of the Turkish president's main rival, Istanbul Mayor İmamoğlu, sharpens the contradictions of the peace effort with the Kurds.
Missile system on the background of sunset sky

Doubts Concerning America’s Reliability Should Not Lead to a European Nuclear Deterrent

Stepping away from NATO would reduce U.S. leverage over European allies, potentially leading to more nuclear-armed states.
General view of the G20 finance ministers meeting as Brazilian Finance Minister Fernando Haddad speaks in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on February 28, 2024.

Is the New Global Order a Boon for International Taxation Collaboration?

The U.S. withdrawal from international forums may open possibilities for other cooperation. The tax reform agenda is a case in point. 
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3,146 Articles
People walk outside the Supreme Court building in Jerusalem on April 8, 2025.

Judging Deprivation – Humanitarian Aid in Gaza Before Israel’s Supreme Court and Beyond

A recent decision from Israel's Supreme Court exposes some of the underlying tensions and inadequacies within international humanitarian law in countering conflict-induced civilian…
Collage of images pertaining to artificial intelligence

Just Security’s Artificial Intelligence Archive

Just Security's collection of articles analyzing the implications of AI for society, democracy, human rights, and warfare.
Supporters of different opposition presidential candidates demonstrate in Mogadishu on February 19, 2021.

Localizing Genocide Prevention and Addressing the Needs of High-Risk Societies

A newly-rebooted UN Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect should work with local communities to de-escalate tensions before atrocities occur.
U.S. President Donald Trump (C) and Vice President JD Vance meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025 in Washington, DC.

Negotiations at Gunpoint: Does U.S. Pressure on Ukraine for a Minerals Deal Amount to Unlawfully Procuring a Treaty by Use of Force?

Coercion leveraged by the U.S. to secure Ukrainian mineral resources could be deemed use of force, rendering any resulting treaty void.
Visualization of Data and U.S. Congress

Vanishing Accountability? The Need to Preserve U.S. Federal Financial Transparency

As threats to open data and financial accountability grow in the United States, it is essential to protect transparency at all costs.
Sudan Marks Two Years of War podcast screenshot

The Just Security Podcast: Sudan Marks Two Years of War

Sudan marks two years of war this week. Where does the country and the international community trying to support it go from here?
Two soldiers walk past a destroyed building in Khartoum.

Two Years of War in Sudan: From Revolution to Ruin and the Fight to Rise Again

As Sudan marks two years of brutal war between the Sudanese army and the RSF, the country stands at a dangerous crossroads.
A navigator, with the call sign Actor, and a drone operator with the callsign Sapsan rest while looking at their phones in a forward bunker position on the Southern frontline near Orikhiv, Ukraine

#War #Sponsored: Using Targeted Ads to Promote Compliance with International Humanitarian Law

As combatants sit in the trenches – scrolling, posting, taking selfies – they can be targeted with online ads that espouse the laws of war.
The Binnenhof (Dutch Parliament) on Hofvijver lake in the Hague city, South Holland, Netherlands

The Netherlands Apologizes for Involvement in Hawija Airstrike and Lays Out Further Reforms

The Dutch Cabinet's release of a list of commitments on mitigating civilian harm is a major step forward for transparency.
Satellite image of the orbit of ASAT debris from a China ASAT weapons test in 2022.

Balancing State Security and Peace and Security in Outer Space: What Role for International Law on the Use of Force?

Understanding jus ad bellum necessity and proportionality is crucial to addressing concerns regarding the weaponization of outer space.
Two diamond miners in yellow helmets and red vests look out over an expansive diamond mine.

In Potential Russia Sanctions Removal, Diamonds Illustrate the Complexities

The web of factors for the diamond industry in any lifting of sanctions could be instructive for other sectors too.
The photo shows the cart headed toward the camera, against a backdrop of war-ravaged buildings.

New Israeli Guidelines Threaten to Eliminate Humanitarian Action in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Almost Entirely

A revised registration process for international NGOs aiding Palestinians creates a chilling effect against criticism and accountability.
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