Here is an exposition and analysis of some of this week’s national security-related threads authored by Just Security Editorial Board member and former federal prosecutor Renato Mariotti.
Trump Policy Preference for Rolling Back Russia Sanctions and Mueller’s Investigation
Renato responds in this thread to President Trump’s recent comments describing Russia as “very, very heavily sanctioned” and emphasizing the need for getting back to “healing a world that is shattered and broken.” He notes that Trump’s comments suggest impropriety, given the ongoing investigation and controversy into Trump-Russia ties. In particular, Mueller is likely looking into whether any Trump campaign officials promised to relieve sanctions when in power, in exchange for Russia assisting in some what in the election or in individuals’ financial interests. In that context, Renato notes that Trump’s comments would invite additional scrutiny.
THREAD: Does Trump’s desire to roll back sanctions on Russia help Mueller’s criminal investigation? https://t.co/IUUYh4Oed7
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
1/ In the piece above, @thehill reports that Trump said that Russia sanctions should be rolled back. Check out his comments: pic.twitter.com/jUfLCKPGbb
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
2/ I’m surprised that Trump’s lawyers aren’t vetting these comments more carefully because Mueller is likely looking at whether anyone in the Trump camp offered to trade an official act (like lifting sanctions) for something of value.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
3/ I discussed this issue earlier this week, when news broke that the Russian lawyer at the Trump Tower meeting claimed that Trump Jr. said they would revisit the Magnitsky Act: https://t.co/AHHcOaz1oa
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
4/ It’s a crime to offer to trade an official act (like lifting sanctions) for something of value even if you don’t go through with it. But going forward with the act you promised is evidence that a prosecutor can use against you.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
5/ So Trump’s comments could be useful to Mueller. If a Trump associate promised to consider reducing sanctions in exchange for something, you can expect Mueller to look into Trump’s later motivation for wanting to lift sanctions.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
6/ Given the controversy surrounding Trump’s ties to Russia, his comments create the appearance of impropriety even if no one offered to reduce sanctions. For that reason, it’s surprising that he made those comments.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
7/ Trump feels strongly enough about reducing sanctions on Russia to talk about doing so even though it will bring additional scrutiny and criticism. I would expect Mueller to look into why Trump has such strong feelings about Russia. /end
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 12, 2017
Mueller Investigating Michael Flynn’s Pre-Election Conversation with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-Calif.)
Renato analyzes the news report that Special Counsel Mueller is looking into Michael Flynn’s alleged conversation with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher in Sept. 2016. He notes that this news should not necessarily be understood to mean that Mueller is looking to charge Rohrabacher criminally or as the suspect of a probe. Rather, the investigation could merely be looking at Rohrabacher to provide evidence in relation to Flynn.
THREAD: What does news that Mueller is looking at Flynn’s pre-election conversation with pro-Putin Congressman Dana Rohrabacher mean for the Mueller investigation?
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
1/ Today @NBCNews reported that Mueller is questioning witnesses and reviewing emails about an alleged September 2016 meeting between Flynn and Rohrabacher. https://t.co/4e2caNMq4b
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
2/ This is a good example of why criminal investigations take time to complete. Mueller saw emails about this meeting, which led him to ask questions about it. If the meeting appears to be important, Mueller may question Rohrabacher. That interview may lead to others, and so on.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
3/ Rohrabacher is known as an intensely pro-Putin Congressman who has advocated for the end of the Magnitsky Act, which punishes certain Russians believed to be involved in Magnitsky’s death. He also recently met with Assange and tried to broker a deal to pardon him.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
4/ For that reason, many will find today’s news interesting. But this doesn’t mean, in itself, that Mueller is looking to charge Rohrabacher. He may care about Rohrabacher’s meeting solely because it helps his case against Flynn.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
5/ So I would not leap to the conclusion that Mueller is investigating Rohrabacher’s other pro-Russia activities, even though they raise serious questions. But like anyone who is within the sights of a federal prosecutor, Rohrabacher should be very careful going forward. /end
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 10, 2017
Washington Post Timeline of Trump Campaign Contacts with Russia
Here, Renato points out that the Washington Post‘s timeline of Trump-Russia contacts rebuts the assertion that there were only minimal contacts between the campaign and Russia.
At the same time, he notes that the mere fact of a contact in and of itself is not necessarily a crime. A meeting with a foreign official may be a normal part of an electoral campaign. As former U.S. Ambassador to Russia Michael McFaul noted in a March 2017 interview with MSNBC’s Morning Joe, it would not be unusual for a foreign Ambassador like Sergei Kislyak to try to meet with a campaign official like Jeff Sessions; that would be a standard part of their job. Thus, FBI investigators working on the Trump-Russia inquiry must look to the surrounding context and content of each meeting to determine whether a crime or some foreign intelligence activity may have occurred.
1/ This analysis by @washingtonpost is worth checking out. It lists all of the known contacts between the Trump campaign and the Russians. They list 31 interactions and 20 meetings. https://t.co/gegTwK9vtI
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 13, 2017
2/ This timeline effectively rebuts assertions that there were minimal contacts between the campaign and Russia, and it shows how collecting and analyzing evidence makes it more powerful. I’ve used timelines like this during closing arguments many times.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 13, 2017
3/ That said, it is important to remember that meeting with Russians is *not* a crime in itself. Do not expect Mueller to bring charges based on a meeting or conversation. What matters is whether someone agreed to commit a crime or knew about a crime and helped it succeed. /end
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 13, 2017
Sessions Letter on Appointing a Second Special Counsel for Clinton, Comey Controversies
Renato analyzes Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ letter (actually written by Assistant AG Boyd) about the potential appointment of a second Special Counsel to look into controversies related to Hillary Clinton and James Comey. His take on the issue differs in part from that of Ben Wittes, quoted below, in that Renato believes Sessions’ letter illustrates he may be taking some of Congress’ concerns seriously. Renato does not view the letter as necessarily being a polite rejection of Congressional Republicans’ requests for Sessions to investigate these issues.
THREAD: What does the Sessions letter about considering the appointment of a special counsel mean? Should the public be concerned that he will do so? https://t.co/NAUIHkpAx9
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
1/ In the tweet linked above, @PaulaReidCBS posted a letter from Attorney General Sessions regarding the appointment of a special counsel to investigate Hillary Clinton, James Comey, and other matters.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
2/ There is already a good analysis of the letter by @benjaminwittes in this thread, which is worth reading. He reads the letter as a signal that Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein will not appoint a special counsel: https://t.co/0wLBJORkcC
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
Ok, this thread is a kind of data dump of thoughts on this letter, of which I am genuinely unsure what to make. The following is worth what you are paying for it, but it’s what I can do based on the text of letter alone—along with a certain institutional knowledge of the DOJ. https://t.co/6A3dyI2ODZ
— Benjamin Wittes (@benjaminwittes) November 14, 2017
3/ If you don’t have time to read the entire thread, which analyzes the letter (it’s actually written by Assistant AG Boyd, who works for Sessions), here is his conclusion: https://t.co/Em7SDWyH9X
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
In short, I think this letter is best understood not as a hint to Trump that Sessions will do as the President wants, but as a way of shunting the matter to a mechanism that will enable him not to act—or, to be more precise, that will enable Rod Rosenstein not to act.
— Benjamin Wittes (@benjaminwittes) November 14, 2017
4/ I think his thread is well-written and reasoned, and there is something to his argument. But here is the important paragraph in his thread that makes most of his argument, in my view: https://t.co/8cTht8uPz5
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
He can’t tell them he has investigated these matters and found them insubstantial, because he hasn’t investigated them. He can’t tell them he doesn’t take seriously concerns by the Chairman of his oversight committee, because, well, you don’t do that.
— Benjamin Wittes (@benjaminwittes) November 14, 2017
5/ There is certainly something to what he’s saying. Sessions (either himself or through his subordinate) can’t tell Republicans in Congress that their concerns are silly, particularly given that Trump has encouraged investigation of the matters in Congress’s letters to Sessions.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
6/ But many of the issues raised in the letter are silly, at least as starting points for a criminal investigation. For one thing, many of them are past the statute of limitations for federal crimes, which is generally five years.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
7/ Other things that are raised in the Congressional letter are not crimes at all, such as the FBI’s reliance on a dossier for leads in an investigation. It’s unclear why the DOJ would look into whether the FBI relied on a particular piece of evidence in an investigation.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
8/ It is also unusual for the FBI to reopen investigations that are closed, particularly without a very good reason to do so. The letters from Congress don’t provide any specific reasons to reopen FBI investigations into Uranium One, Clinton’s emails, and so on.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
9/ It is also unusual for DOJ (or the FBI) to investigate its own internal decision making processes absent evidence of wrongdoing. The letters from Congress do not even make specific allegations of wrongdoing by DOJ officials regarding immunity or charging decisions.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
10/ The letters from Congress also provide no rationale regarding why a special counsel should be appointed. 28 CFR 600.1 limits appointment of a special counsel to cases that “would present a conflict of interest for the Department or other extraordinary circumstances.”
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
11/ In short, on their face, the letters from Congress contain several obvious deficiencies. Yet the letter from DOJ does not point out any of them or even address that it will consider whether some of the matters are not crimes, past the statute of limitations, etc.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
12/ The fact that Sessions is not calling out any of this suggests that he is taking seriously an investigation of these issues. Perhaps @benjaminwittes is right and Sessions is finding a polite way to stay “no” to Congress. But that doesn’t seem likely to me.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
13/ It seems more likely, in my view, that he’s trying to find a way to give Congress at least some of what it wants. There’s no reason to appoint a special counsel–Sessions has no conflict as to Comey or Clinton–so I suspect DOJ will investigate some piece of this itself.
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
14/ I hope I’m wrong, because this appears to be an effort to manufacture a criminal investigation against the President’s political opponent. But Congress (and the press) should ask tough questions in case I’m right. /end
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 14, 2017
Senate Judiciary Committee Sends Letter to Jared Kushner’s Lawyer for Withholding Documents
Here, Renato notes that on Nov. 16, two Democratic Senators on the Senate Judiciary Committee sent a letter requesting that Jared Kushner produce two emails relating to the Russia investigation he had failed to provide Congress. Because the matter involves an informal request by the Senate Committee rather than a subpoena, Renato believes that Kushner is unlikely to be reprimanded for this. For a similar line of reasoning and more, see Andy Wright’s analysis at Just Security on Friday.
1/ Senate Judiciary Committee calls out Kushner for failing to produce documents that it requested and are known to exist, including emails about a “Russian backdoor overture.” https://t.co/jzz5Po6QmX
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 16, 2017
2/ When someone who is under investigation withholds documents, it can suggest that they have something to hide. Typically investigatiors demand an explanation. But in the context of an informal request by the Senate committee, I don’t expect Kushner to be punished for this. /end
— Renato Mariotti (@renato_mariotti) November 16, 2017