The Jared Kushner’s statement, released yesterday by his lawyers, is a very carefully crafted document that undoubtedly was meticulously written, edited, and/or reviewed by his attorneys. Once again Kushner, out of all of the individuals that are subjects of the Russia investigation, appears to have the best legal strategy. Until now, he has not made public comment–releasing only carefully worded statements via his attorney–and this statement is itself a fine piece of legal draftsmanship.
That said, because the document was written by sophisticated lawyers, the words that the statement uses reveal some details of his lawyers’ strategy and thought process. The comments in the markup below are meant to give you a sense of what I saw when I carefully read the document. I suspect that Mueller’s team had similar observations.
STATEMENT OF JARED C. KUSHNER TO CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES
July 24, 2017
I am voluntarily providing this statement, submitting documents, and sitting for interviews in order to shed light on issues that have been raised about my role in the Trump for President Campaign and during the transition period.
I am not a person who has sought the spotlight. First in my business and now in public service, I have worked on achieving goals, and have left it to others to work on media and public perception. Because there has been a great deal of conjecture, speculation, and inaccurate information about me, I am grateful for the opportunity to set the record straight.
My Role in the Trump for President Campaign
Before joining the administration, I worked in the private sector, building and managing companies. My experience was in business, not politics, and it was not my initial intent to play a large role in my father-in-law’s campaign when he decided to run for President[1]. However, as the campaign progressed, I was called on to assist with various tasks and aspects of the campaign, and took on more and more responsibility.
[1] This helps create the impression that he was inexperienced in politics, which would suggest that he doesn’t know what is unusual for a political campaign and/or that he has little knowledge of campaign finance laws, such as the law prohibiting contributions from foreign nationals.
Over the course of the primaries and general election campaign, my role continued to evolve. I ultimately worked with the finance, scheduling, communications, speechwriting, polling, data and digital teams, as well as becoming a point of contact for foreign government officials[2].
[2] This is meant to suggest that he was spread very thin and thus did not have a depth of understanding in any area he was involved in.
All of these were tasks that I had never performed on a campaign previously[3]. When I was faced with a new challenge, I would reach out to contacts, ask advice, find the right person to manage the specific challenge, and work with that person to develop and execute a plan of action. I was lucky to work with some incredibly talented people along the way, all of whom made significant contributions toward the campaign’s ultimate success. Our nimble culture allowed us to adjust to the ever-changing circumstances and make changes on the fly as the situation warranted. I share this information because these actions should be viewed through the lens of a fast-paced campaign with thousands of meetings and interactions, some of which were impactful and memorable and many of which were not[4].
[3] See above
[4] Here they make explicit what was implicit above–that the purpose of this background information is to provide context to make it more understandable why Kushner would forget meetings with a foreign government official.
It is also important to note that a campaign’s success starts with its message and its messenger. Donald Trump had the right vision for America and delivered his message perfectly. The results speak for themselves. Not only did President Trump defeat sixteen skilled and experienced primary opponents and win the presidency; he did so spending a fraction of what his opponent spent in the general election. He outworked his opponent and ran one of the best campaigns in history using both modern technology and traditional methods to bring his message to the American people.
Campaign Contacts with Foreign Persons
When it became apparent that my father-in-law was going to be the Republican nominee for President, as normally happens[5], a number of officials from foreign countries attempted to reach out to the campaign. My father-in-law asked me to be a point of contact with these foreign countries. These were not contacts that I initiated, but, over the course of the campaign, I had incoming contacts with people from approximately 15 countries[6] . To put these requests in context, I must have received thousands of calls, letters and emails from people looking to talk or meet on a variety of issues and topics, including hundreds from outside the United States[7]. While I could not be responsive to everyone, I tried to be respectful of any foreign government contacts with whom it would be important to maintain an ongoing, productive working relationship were the candidate to prevail. To that end, I called on a variety of people with deep experience, such as Dr. Henry Kissinger, for advice on policy for the candidate, which countries/representatives with which the campaign should engage, and what messaging would resonate[8]. In addition, it was typical for me to receive 200 or more emails a day during the campaign. I did not have the time to read every one, especially long emails from unknown senders or email chains to which I was added at some later point in the exchange[9].
[5] It’s interesting that Kushner says he has no experience in politics or campaigns but yet knows that it’s normal for presumptive nominees to be contacted by foreign governments. It’s not clear what the basis of his knowledge is.
[6] It’s worth noting that they do not give an exact number of countries. That means that they want to leave wiggle room in case evidence of another contact appears, or that they know of a contact or contacts and are not sure whether those individuals are foreign officials.
[7] Once again, this is meant to suggest that it’s understandable that he forgot many meetings with foreign officials.
[8] This is meant to be an innocuous detail but may give Mueller’s team an avenue to investigate. They could seek contacts between Kushner and advisors like Kissinger and ask them what Kushner discussed with them about these meetings with foreign officials. If Kushner asked many people for advice about a meeting, it could undercut his defense that he forgot about the meeting later.
[9] This is meant to distance Kushner from knowledge of the purpose of the Trump Jr./Russian meeting or the positions that some of the participants purportedly had with the Russian government. It’s clear that Kushner’s lawyers regard knowledge of either of those facts as problematic.
With respect to my contacts with Russia or Russian representatives during the campaign, there were hardly any[10]. The first that I can recall was at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. in April 2016. This was when then candidate Trump was delivering a major foreign policy speech. Doing the event and speech had been my idea, and I oversaw its execution. I arrived at the hotel early to make sure all logistics were in order. After that, I stopped into the reception to thank the host of the event, Dimitri Simes[11], the publisher of the bi-monthly foreign policy magazine, The National Interest, who had done a great job putting everything together. Mr. Simes and his group had created the guest list and extended the invitations for the event[12]. He introduced me to several guests, among them four ambassadors, including Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. With all the ambassadors, including Mr. Kislyak, we shook hands, exchanged brief pleasantries and I thanked them for attending the event and said I hoped they would like candidate Trump’s speech and his ideas for a fresh approach to America’s foreign policy. The ambassadors also expressed interest in creating a positive relationship should we win the election. Each exchange lasted less than a minute; some gave me their business cards and invited me to lunch at their embassies. I never took them up on any of these invitations and that was the extent of the interactions[13].
[10] Whether these contacts are “hardly any” is a matter of opinion, but this language helps to soften what is otherwise a contradiction between Kushner’s statement and the frequent statement from Trump associates that there were no contacts between the campaign and Russia.
[11] Kushner does not note that Simes was born and educated in Russia and has been publicly called a “friend” by Vladimir Putin.
[12] They are trying to suggest that the meeting was not Kushner’s idea and that he would have less reason to remember it because he was not involved in the planning.
[13] Note that he does not represent that the only thing discussed in the conversation were the pleasantries discussed above. The time limit given on the conversations (“less than one minute” each) is supposed to suggest that nothing problematic is likely to have occurred given the short length of the conversations.
Reuters news service has reported that I had two calls with Ambassador Kislyak at some time between April and November of 2016. While I participated in thousands of calls during this period, I do not recall any such calls with the Russian Ambassador[14]. We have reviewed the phone records available to us and have not been able to identify any calls to any number we know to be associated with Ambassador Kislyak and I am highly skeptical these calls took place. A comprehensive review of my land line and cell phone records from the time does not reveal those calls[15]. I had no ongoing relationship with the Ambassador before the election, and had limited knowledge about him then. In fact, on November 9, the day after the election, I could not even remember the name of the Russian Ambassador. When the campaign received an email purporting to be an official note of congratulations from President Putin, I was asked how we could verify it was real. To do so I thought the best way would be to ask the only contact I recalled meeting from the Russian government, which was the Ambassador I had met months earlier, so I sent an email asking Mr. Simes, “What is the name of the Russian ambassador?[16]” Through my lawyer, I have asked Reuters to provide the dates on which the calls supposedly occurred or the phone number at which I supposedly reached, or was reached by, Ambassador Kislyak. The journalist refused to provide any corroborating evidence that they occurred[17].
[14] Notice that he does not recall the calls but does not deny them. That’s smart lawyering–they wouldn’t want to have new evidence surface that contradicts statements to Congress. Knowingly making a false statement to Congress is a crime.
[15] These two sentences are repetitive. The fact that they could not find a call in his phone records gives them comfort enough to express skepticism about the call but he is not outright denying it because of the possibility that new evidence could surface. As a side note, it’s unclear why we would know all the phone numbers used by the Russian Ambassador.
[16] This is an email that the Kushner team clearly thinks is helpful because it suggests that he does not have a deep relationship with the Russian Ambassador. That said, the email does suggest a good relationship and comfort with Simes.
[17] This is meant to suggest that the press report was false and/or deflect responsibility onto the press.
The only other Russian contact during the campaign is one I did not recall at all until I was reviewing documents and emails in response to congressional requests for information[18]. In June 2016, my brother-in-law, Donald Trump Jr. asked if I was free to stop by a meeting on June 9 at 3:00 p.m. The campaign was headquartered in the same building as his office in Trump Tower, and it was common for each of us to swing by the other’s meetings when requested[19]. He eventually sent me his own email changing the time of the meeting to 4:00 p.m. That email was on top of a long back and forth that I did not read at the time[20]. As I did with most emails when I was working remotely, I quickly reviewed on my iPhone the relevant message that the meeting would occur at 4:00 PM at his office[21]. Documents confirm my memory that this was calendared as “Meeting: Don Jr.| Jared Kushner.”[22] No one else was mentioned.
[18] It is important for him to note that he didn’t recall the conversation until recently due to his prior failure to disclose the contact.
[19] This is meant to suggest that his attendance at this meeting was not a big deal, in order to downplay the significance of Trump Jr.’s decision to invite both Kushner and Manafort to the meeting, which would otherwise create an inference that the meeting was important to Trump Jr.
[20] This is a very key sentence in the testimony. Much of the context about how busy Kushner was and how many different things he had going on were intended to set up this sentence, in which he asserts that he never read a very problematic email. This is a standard defense in cases where an email might create potential liability. It’s important to note that the subject of the email was “Re: Russia – Clinton – private and confidential.” The subject of the email is not discussed in Kushner’s testimony.
[21] This suggests that he agreed to attend a meeting without understanding the subject of the meeting or who was attending. It’s a very hard argument to make, which is why so much of the context in the statement is meant to support this assertion.
[22] Although this is meant to suggest that it supports his assertion that he did not know who else would be at the meeting, a prosecutor could argue that the innocuous calendar entry was meant to hide the real purpose and participants.
I arrived at the meeting a little late[23]. When I got there, the person who has since been identified as a Russian attorney[24] was talking about the issue of a ban on U.S. adoptions of Russian children[25]. I had no idea why that topic was being raised and quickly determined that my time was not well-spent at this meeting. Reviewing emails recently confirmed my memory that the meeting was a waste of our time and that, in looking for a polite way to leave and get back to my work, I actually emailed an assistant from the meeting after I had been there for ten or so minutes and wrote “Can u pls call me on my cell? Need excuse to get out of meeting.”[26] I had not met the attorney before the meeting nor spoken with her since[27]. I thought nothing more of this short meeting until it came to my attention recently. I did not read or recall this email exchange before it was shown to me by my lawyers when reviewing documents for submission to the committees[28]. No part of the meeting I attended included anything about the campaign[29], there was no follow up to the meeting that I am aware of[30], I do not recall how many people were there (or their names), and I have no knowledge of any documents being offered or accepted[31]. Finally, after seeing the email, I disclosed this meeting prior to it being reported in the press on a supplement to my security clearance form, even if that was not required as meeting the definitions of the form.
[23] This is meant to suggest that he could have missed a portion of the meeting that was problematic.
[24] This is meant to suggest that he didn’t know who she was at the time. In the email, she is identified as an attorney for the Russian Government.
[25] Note that he does not state that this was the only topic discussed in the meeting.
[26] This makes his assistant a potential witness in this investigation. A prosecutor could argue that Kushner wanted to exit the meeting because he thought it was problematic and he wanted to limit his own liability.
[27] This is meant to suggest that nothing came of the meeting, but it stops short of that. He doesn’t say whether he continued to communicate with others who were in the meeting and whether subjects discussed in the meeting were later discussed with other Russian nationals.
[28] This is an important assertion for him to make because he failed to disclose the contact.
[29] The meeting was supposed to discuss Hillary Clinton, not the campaign. By saying that the campaign was not discussed, this statement leaves open the possibility that many other topics (Hillary Clinton, DNC emails, etc.) were discussed.
[30] This is arguably the most important assertion made by Kushner. The Trump Jr. meeting was problematic because it showed an intent to accept aid from the Russian government. Kushner is saying in this sentence that to his knowledge there was no “follow up,” which would seem to suggest that nothing came of the meeting. If I were questioning Kushner, I would explore what he meant by “follow up” very carefully.
[31] This is interesting because it seems to suggest that documents were offered by the Russians and were accepted by Trump Jr. and/or Manafort. But the way it’s worded could also indicate a denial that any documents were exchanged. This is another sentence that is important and should have been explored in detail when Kushner was questioned.
There was one more possible contact that I will note. On October 30, 2016, I received a random email from the screenname “Guccifer400.” This email, which I interpreted as a hoax, was an extortion attempt and threatened to reveal candidate Trump’s tax returns and demanded that we send him 52 bitcoins in exchange for not publishing that information. I brought the email to the attention of a U.S. Secret Service agent on the plane we were all travelling on and asked what he thought. He advised me to ignore it and not to reply — which is what I did. The sender never contacted me again[32].
[32] This contact is not important for purposes of the investigation and appears to be included to either suggest that Kushner is being thorough and comprehensive or that the Trump campaign too was the target of hackers.
To the best of my recollection[33], these were the full extent of contacts I had during the campaign with persons who were or appeared to potentially be representatives of the Russian government.
[33] Obviously this is an important caveat that any lawyer would add.
Transition Contacts with Foreign Persons
The transition period after the election was even more active than the campaign. Starting on election night, we began to receive an incredible volume of messages and invitations from well-wishers in the United States and abroad. Dozens of messages came from foreign officials seeking to set up foreign leader calls and create lines of communication and relationships with what would be the new administration. During this period, I recall having over fifty contacts with people from over fifteen countries[34]. Two of those meetings were with Russians, neither of which I solicited[35].
[34] This is once again meant to suggest that his failure to disclose some contacts was understandable, given the sheer volume of contacts received.
[35] This is meant to suggest that Kushner was not eager to seek out aid. That said, the Trump Jr. meeting was not solicited by him either.
On November 16, 2016, my assistant received a request for a meeting from the Russian Ambassador. As I mentioned before, previous to receiving this request, I could not even recall the Russian Ambassador’s name, and had to ask for the name of the individual I had seen at the Mayflower Hotel almost seven months earlier. In addition, far from being urgent, that meeting was not set up for two weeks — on December 1. The meeting occurred in Trump Tower, where we had our transition office, and lasted twenty- thirty minutes. Lt. General Michael Flynn (Ret.), who became the President’s National Security Advisor, also attended. During the meeting, after pleasantries were exchanged, as I had done in many of the meetings I had and would have with foreign officials, I stated our desire for a fresh start in relations. Also, as I had done in other meetings with foreign officials, I asked Ambassador Kislyak if he would identify the best person (whether the Ambassador or someone else) with whom to have direct discussions and who had contact with his President[36]. The fact that I was asking about ways to start a dialogue after Election Day should of course be viewed as strong evidence that I was not aware of one that existed before Election Day[37].
[36] Note that it’s unlikely that these were the only subjects discussed in a 20 to 30 minute meeting, and that there is no representation that these were the only subjects discussed.
[37] Here they explicitly try to put a positive spin on what is otherwise a bad fact—Kushner’s interest in setting up a channel for secure communications with the Russian government after the election.
The Ambassador expressed similar sentiments about relations, and then said he especially wanted to address U.S. policy in Syria, and that he wanted to convey information from what he called his “generals.” He said he wanted to provide information that would help inform the new administration. He said the generals could not easily come to the U.S. to convey this information and he asked if there was a secure line in the transition office to conduct a conversation. General Flynn or I explained that there were no such lines[38]. I believed developing a thoughtful approach on Syria was a very high priority given the ongoing humanitarian crisis, and I asked if they had an existing communications channel at his embassy we could use where they would be comfortable transmitting the information they wanted to relay to General Flynn[39]. The Ambassador said that would not be possible and so we all agreed that we would receive this information after the Inauguration. Nothing else occurred. I did not suggest a “secret back channel[40].” I did not suggest an on-going secret form of communication for then or for when the administration took office. I did not raise the possibility of using the embassy or any other Russian facility for any purpose other than this one possible[41] conversation in the transition period. We did not discuss sanctions[42].
[38] It’s unclear why the “generals” could not relay this information via the Ambassador, or why Kushner did not seek the aid of the U.S. government regarding setting up a secure channel with them.
[39] What is bizarre about this assertion is that it suggests that Kushner did not understand that the Russian government appeared to be interested in hiding this information from the U.S. government. This is another area that I’d expect him to be questioned on at great length. Kushner’s account opens up even tougher questions for Flynn, because his experience will make it difficult for him to claim naivety.
[40] This is semantics, given that Kushner admitted two sentences prior that he asked if the Russians had a “communications channel at his embassy” to communicate with Russian “generals.”
[41] It’s unclear why this is a “possible” conversation given that he recounted it in detail above.
[42] It would be worth considering what subjects were not included in this sentence. I expect this conversation to be explored in detail in questioning.
Approximately a week later, on December 6, the Embassy asked if I could meet with the Ambassador on December 7. I declined. They then asked if I could meet on December 6; I declined again. They then asked when the earliest was that I could meet. I declined these requests because I was working on many other responsibilities for the transition[43]. He asked if he could meet my assistant instead and, to avoid offending the Ambassador, I agreed[44]. He did so on December 12. My assistant reported that the Ambassador had requested that I meet with a person named Sergey Gorkov who he said was a banker and someone with a direct line to the Russian President[45] who could give insight into how Putin was viewing the new administration and best ways to work together. I agreed to meet Mr. Gorkov because the Ambassador has been so insistent, said he had a direct relationship with the President, and because Mr. Gorkov was only in New York for a couple days. I made room on my schedule for the meeting that occurred the next day, on December 13.
[43] This is intended to show that Kushner was not eager to meet with the Russians.
[44] Once again, this is meant to show that Kushner didn’t view the Russians as important. This more squarely makes Kushner’s assistant a witness.
[45] This understates the role of Gorkov, who is the chairman of a key Russian government-owned bank.
The meeting with Mr. Gorkov lasted twenty to twenty-five minutes. He introduced himself and gave me two gifts — one was a piece of art from Nvgorod, the village where my grandparents were from in Belarus, and the other was a bag of dirt from that same village. (Any notion that I tried to conceal this meeting or that I took it thinking it was in my capacity as a businessman is false. In fact, I gave my assistant these gifts to formally register them with the transition office). After that, he told me a little about his bank and made some statements about the Russian economy[46]. He said that he was friendly with President Putin, expressed disappointment with U.S.-Russia relations under President Obama and hopes for a better relationship in the future. As I did at the meeting with Ambassador Kislyak, I expressed the same sentiments I had with other foreign officials I met. There were no specific policies discussed. We had no discussion about the sanctions imposed by the Obama Administration. At no time was there any discussion about my companies, business transactions, real estate projects, loans, banking arrangements or any private business of any kind[47]. At the end of the short meeting, we thanked each other and I went on to other meetings. I did not know or have any contact with Mr. Gorkov before that meeting, and I have had no reason to connect with him since[48].
[46] These innocuous details are meant to suggest that the meeting was not important and to make Kushner appear forthcoming. There is no representation that these were the only matters discussed in the meeting, however.
[47] It’s interesting, again, to note what is not in these lists. There are plenty of important topics that could have been discussed per this statement.
[48] This is an important assertion, because he indicates that nothing more came of his relationship with Gorkov.
To the best of my recollection, these were the only two contacts I had during the transition with persons who were or appeared to potentially be representatives of the Russian government.
Disclosure of Contacts on My Security Clearance Form
There has been a good deal of misinformation reported about my SF-86 form. As my attorneys and I have previously explained, my SF-86 application was prematurely submitted due to a miscommunication and initially did not list any contacts (not just with Russians) with foreign government officials. Here are some facts about that form and the efforts I have made to supplement it.
In the week before the Inauguration, amid the scramble of finalizing the unwinding of my involvement from my company, moving my family to Washington, completing the paper work to divest assets and resign from my outside positions and complete my security and financial disclosure forms, people at my New York office were helping me find the information, organize it, review it and put it into the electronic form[49]. They sent an email to my assistant in Washington, communicating that the changes to one particular section were complete; my assistant interpreted that message as meaning that the entire form was completed[50]. At that point, the form was a rough draft and still had many omissions including not listing any foreign government contacts and even omitted the address of my father-in-law (which was obviously well known)[51]. Because of this miscommunication, my assistant submitted the draft on January 18, 2017.
[49] This is again meant to provide context to suggest that the ommissions in the form and the inattention given to the form were unintentional.
[50] Once again, Kushner’s assistant is an important witness. It’s safe to assume that Kushner’s attorneys have already interviewed the assistant and know what the assistant would say if called to testify.
[51] This is meant to suggest that the submission was completely inadvertent, which is why it’s referred to as a “rough draft” even though it was submitted.
That evening, when we realized the form had been submitted prematurely, we informed the transition team that we needed to make changes and additions to the form. The very next day, January 19, 2017, we submitted supplemental information to the transition, which confirmed receipt and said they would immediately transmit it to the FBI. The supplement disclosed that I had “numerous contacts with foreign officials” and that we were going through my records to provide an accurate and complete list[52]. I provided a list of those contacts in the normal course, before my background investigation interview and prior to any inquiries or media reports about my form[53].
[52] It’s interesting that what appears to be the final version of the form nonetheless left the foreign contacts section effectively blank, stating only that he had “numerous contacts with foreign officials.”
[53] Note that the passage of time between submission of the form and submission of the list of contacts is not given.
It has been reported that my submission omitted only contacts with Russians. That is not the case[54]. In the accidental early submission of the form, all foreign contacts were omitted. The supplemental information later disclosed over one hundred contacts from more than twenty countries that might be responsive to the questions on the form[55]. These included meetings with individuals such as Jordan’s King Abdullah II, Israel’s Prime Minister BibiNetanyahu, Mexico’s Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Luis Videgaray Caso and many more. All of these had been left off before.
[54] The statement does not indicate how many contacts were admitted from the “supplemental information” submitted later.
[55] This is meant to suggest that his ommission of some contacts was inadvertent.
Over the last six months, I have made every effort to provide the FBI with whatever information is needed to investigate my background. In addition, my attorneys have explained that the security clearance process is one in which supplements are expected and invited. The form itself instructs that, during the interview, the information in the document can be “update[d], clarif[ied], and explain[ed]” as part of the security clearance process[56]. A good example is the June 9 meeting. For reasons that should be clear from the explanation of that meeting I have provided, I did not remember the meeting and certainly did not remember it as one with anyone who had to be included on an SF-86. When documents reviewed for production in connection with committee requests reminded me that meeting had occurred, and because of the language in the email chain that I then read for the first time, I included that meeting on a supplement[57]. I did so even though my attorneys were unable to conclude that the Russian lawyer was a representative of any foreign country and thus fell outside the scope of the form. This supplemental information was also provided voluntarily, well prior to any media inquiries, reporting or request for this information, and it was done soon after I was reminded of the meeting.
[56] This is a legal argument meant to undercut any suggestion that Kushner should be prosecuted for knowingly and willfully making a false statement when he submitted his form and/or the “supplemental information.”
[57] It’s worth noting that Kushner does not list all of the contacts that he omitted.
****
As I have said from the very first media inquiry, I am happy to share information with the investigating bodies. I have shown today that I am willing to do so and will continue to cooperate as I have nothing to hide. As I indicated, I know there has been a great deal of speculation and conjecture about my contacts with any officials or people from Russia. I have disclosed these contacts and described them as fully as I can recall. The record and documents I am providing will show that I had perhaps four contacts with Russian representatives out of thousands during the campaign and transition, none of which were impactful in any way to the election or particularly memorable. I am very grateful for the opportunity to set the record straight. I also have tried to provide context for my role in the campaign, and I am proud of the candidate that we supported, of the campaign that we ran, and the victory that we achieved.
It has been my practice not to appear in the media or leak information in my own defense. I have tried to focus on the important work at hand and serve this President and this country to the best of my abilities. I hope that through my answers to questions, written statements and documents I have now been able to demonstrate the entirety of my limited contacts with Russian representatives during the campaign and transition. I did not collude, nor know of anyone else in the campaign who colluded, with any foreign government[58]. I had no improper contacts[59]. I have not relied on Russian funds to finance my business activities in the private sector[60]. I have tried to be fully transparent with regard to the filing of my SF-86 form, above and beyond what is required. Hopefully, this puts these matters to rest.
[58] This is an important assertion, although “collude” has no legal meaning. The fact that “collude” can be interpreted multiple ways would make this sentence another ripe subject for questioning.
[59] This appears to be a statement of opinion, because some would argue that the Trump Jr. / Russian meeting and the suggestion of using a secure back channel to speak with Russian “generals” was improper.
[60] “Relied on” is another term that can be open to interpretation. It’s possible that Kushner received loans or investments from Russian individuals or entities but does not feel that he “relied on” them because they did not represent a majority of his financing.
Image: Getty/Mark Wilson