International and Foreign

Highlights:

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio (L) sits across from Qatar's Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani (R)

Some Questions About Trump’s Order Pledging to Defend Qatar’s Security

Trump's Executive Order on Qatar raises a number of important legal and policy questions that merit careful consideration by Congress and the public.

Balancing the Scales: Survivors’ Needs and Rights and Criminal Accountability in Ukraine

Providing options and support for victims of sexual and gender-based violence can help survivors see themselves as part of a larger movement toward accountability and healing.
View of an oil terminal

The Imperative to Weaken the Kremlin’s War Economy: What the West Can Do

The West must cut off Russia's energy revenues, target its enablers, and enforce sanctions with vigor to constrain its war economy.

Xi’s Climate Announcement: A Disappointment, Not a Breakthrough

China’s climate announcement — coupled with the U.S. withdrawal — has alarmed many in terms of the viability of the Paris Agreement’s temperature goal. 
(L-R) US Vice President JD Vance, US President Donald Trump and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio listen as Democratic Republic of the Congo Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner during a meeting with her and Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe (not pictured) in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, DC, on June 27, 2025. Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo signed an agreement in Washington on Friday to put an end to a conflict in the eastern DRC that has killed thousands, although broad questions loom on what it will mean. Trump has trumpeted the diplomacy that led to the deal and publicly complained that he has not received a Nobel Peace Prize. But the agreement has also come under scrutiny for its vagueness including on the economic component, with the Trump administration eager to compete with China and profit from abundant mineral wealth in the long-turbulent east of the vast DRC. (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS / AFP) (Photo by ANDREW CABALLERO-REYNOLDS/AFP via Getty Images)

U.S. Sanctions Removal on Mining Magnate Would Set Back Peace and Investment in DR Congo

The Trump administration and Congress can end the cycle of looting, smuggling, and violent extraction of raw materials from the DRC and provide a better footing for peace.
The protester holding the flags stands alone in front of a wall of about 20 officers completely covered by riot shields, each holding two shields vertically.

After Another Sham Election in Georgia, the Country’s Citizens Persist

Georgians will fight for their democracy, as the ruling party now becomes one of the world's many paranoid, insecure dictatorships that know their days are numbered.
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A faceless hacker running malware on a laptop

The Rome Statute in the Digital Age: Confronting Emerging Cyber Threats

For the Rome Statute to remain relevant, practitioners must understand how governments can deploy spyware to commit international crimes.
U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)

Trump Signals Instrumental Approach to U.N. – But it Could Be Worse

Trump's General Assembly speech could have been worse, but it also showed that if countries want to make the U.N. system work, they can't bank on U.S. leadership.
IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
Binders of executive orders stacked on a desk.

Collection: Just Security’s Coverage of Trump Administration Executive Actions

Coverage of key developments, including in concise “What Just Happened” expert explainers, legal and policy analysis, and more. Check back frequently for updates.
Military justice image

US Servicemembers’ Exposure to Criminal Liability for Lethal Strikes on Narcoterrorists

Analysis by former career judge advocate officer and former court-martial prosecutor.
U.S. President Donald Trump signs a letter of congratulations as he meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Rwanda Olivier Nduhungirehe and the Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner

Turning Trump’s Peace Overtures into Sustainable Deals

The president’s many overseas peacemaking initiatives are more likely to succeed with a more collaborative approach drawing on research.
A picture taken from a distance shows the damaged building (L) in the compound housing members of Palestinian militant group Hamas's political bureau

Israel’s Strike on Doha: A Crisis for U.S. Credibility?

Israel's Doha strikes could heighten regional instability, intensify Arab unity against Israel, and chill normalization efforts.
US Marines' Lockheed Martin F35-B jets arrive in formation to José Aponte de la Torre Airport

Murder by Drone: The Legal and Moral Stakes of the Caribbean Strikes

If allowed to go unchecked, the Caribbean strikes could encourage additional unlawful executions by the United States and other leaders.
People walk past the United Nations (UN) headquarters in Manhattan

Washington’s Multilateral Retreat Creates an Opening for State and Local Leaders

U.S. state and local leaders can fill voids left as the Trump administration cuts and even exits multilateral organizations.
Flags fly outside the General Secretariat Building at the United Nations Headquarters.

At the Coming U.N. Leaders Meetings: Existential Questions on the U.S. Role, Israel-Palestine, and the U.N. Itself

This year's General Assembly meeting may do more to spotlight the U.N.’s current weaknesses than help find solutions to them.

Striking Hamas in Qatar: “Unwilling or Unable”?

Leading legal expert analyzes the Israeli airstrike on Hamas leadership in Doha, Qatar.
The US Navy warship USS Sampson (DDG 102) docks at the Amador International Cruise Terminal in Panama City on September 02, 2025. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro said on September 1, 2025, that eight US military vessels with 1,200 missiles were targeting his country, which he declared to be in a state of "maximum readiness to defend" itself. (Photo by MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images)

Asserting a License to Kill: Why the Caribbean Strike is a Dangerous Departure from the “War on Terror”

An absence of credible legal basis for the Caribbean strike suggests the Trump admin is asserting a prerogative to kill outside the law.
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